Invented Ethos - Definition and Examples in Rhetoric

In classical rhetoric, invented ethos is a type of proof that  relies on the qualities of a speakers character as conveyed by his or her discourse.   In contrast to situated ethos (which is based on the rhetors reputation in the community), invented ethos is projected by the rhetor in the context  and delivery of the speech  itself. According to Aristotle, say Crowley and Hawhee, rhetors can invent a character suitable to an occasion—this is invented ethos (Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, 2004). Examples and Observations The ethos of  rhetors is established by the words  they use and the roles they assume in their meanings and varied interactions.(Harold Barrett, Rhetoric . SUNY Press, 1991)  and Civility Situated Ethos and Invented Ethos Ethos is concerned with character. It has two aspects. The first concerns the esteem in which the speaker or writer is held. We might see this as his/her situated ethos. The second is about what a speaker/writer actually does linguistically in his/her texts to ingratiate him/herself with the audience. This second aspect has been referred to as invented ethos. Situated ethos and invented ethos are not separate; rather, they operate on a cline.  For example, the more effective your  invented ethos is, the stronger your situated ethos might become in the long run, and vice versa.(Michael Burke, Rhetoric and Poetics: The Classical Heritage of Stylistics.  The Routledge Handbook of Stylistics, ed. by Michael Burke. Routledge, 2014) The Critic's Ethos: Situated and Invented The two considerations here are situated ethos and  invented ethos  respectively. When it comes to aesthetic criticism... situated ethos  is when a successful novelist in his  own right is asked his opinion about another novel. His opinion is respected because of who he is known to be—situated ethos. But the critic has to set up shop  by himself and pronounce (for example) on a painting when he himself does not know how to paint. He does this by means of some form of invented ethos; that is, he has to come up with various rhetorical devices for getting people to listen. If he is successful at this over time, then he acquires a reputation as a critic and has therefore grown into situated ethos.(Douglas Wilson, Writers to Read. Crossway, 2015) Aristotle on Ethos [There is persuasion] through character whenever the speech is spoken in such a way as to make the speaker worthy of credence; for we believe fair-minded people to greater extent and more quickly [than we do others] on all subjects in general and completely so in cases where there is not exact knowledge but room for doubt. And this should result from the speech, not from a previous opinion that the speaker is a certain kind of person.(Aristotle, Rhetoric) Treated as an aspect of rhetoric, Aristotelian [invented] ethos presumes that human nature is knowable, reducible to a range of types, and manipulable by discourse.(James S. Baumlin, Ethos, The Encyclopedia of Rhetoric, ed. by Thomas O. Sloane. Oxford University Press, 2001)Today we may feel uncomfortable with the notion that rhetorical character can be constructed since we tend to think of character, or personality, as fairly stable. We generally assume as well that character is shaped by an individuals experiences. The ancient Greeks, in contrast, thought that character was constructed not by what happened to people but by the moral practices in which they habitually engaged. An ethos was not finally given by nature, but was developed by habit.(Sharon Crowley and Debra Hawhee, Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, 3rd ed. Pearson, 2004) Cicero on Invented Ethos So much is done by good taste and style in speaking that the speech seems to depict the speakers character. For by means of particular types of thought and diction, and the employment besides of a delivery that is unruffled and eloquent of good nature, the speakers are made to appear upright, well-bred, and virtuous men.(Cicero, De Oratore)

King Arthurs Court Essay - 705 Words

Throughout British history, especially between the time periods 1485-1603, obtaining the status of a â€Å"knight† and furthermore, being bestowed knightship, was a great deal of honor. Henry VII was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing of the crown on August 22 1485 until his coincidental death on the 21 of April 1509, as the first monarch of the House of Tudor. The Tudor dynasty was a European house from 1485 until 1603. While knights displayed many positive attributes, they also faced many hardships being a knight. Hardships are more commonly known as tests. Tests were effectively used to evaluate a knight’s loyalty to there king. A chivalrous knight was a highly touted individual that proved to be extremely valuable.†¦show more content†¦181) However, at the water’s edge, Gawain hesitates, â€Å"If I throw this rich sword in the water, thereof shall never come good, but only harm and loss.† (P. 182) When he reports back to the king, the king asks, â€Å"What saw thou there.† (P.182) Gawain replies, â€Å"I saw nothing but wind and waves.† King Arthur was unimpressed and cast great doubt upon Gawain. â€Å"ah traitor unto me untrue, now thou hast betrayed me twice, when you have weened that thou has been to me so loved and dear, would betray me for the riches of the sword.† (P. 182) This shows Sir Gawain had some loyalty in the king, however, he displayed greed over a worldly possession. Furthermore, Gawain directly lies to the king by saying he saw nothing but wind and waves. Thus, preventing the king to question Gawain’s loyalty because the king had felt he was betrayed. Sir Gawain exhibits a lack of loyalty and dishonesty, therefore causing the king to no longer trust him. Tests are a method of evaluating how well you performed in a specific field. Tests provide a clear insight as to how well a knight performs. For a knight, tests depict how loyal and trustworthy he is to his lord or king. There are a few examples of knights that display both loyalty and dishonor. One example of dishonor comes from Morte dArthur. Sir Bedivere is instructed by King Arthur to take theShow MoreRelated Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court as a Dystopian Work1397 Words   |  6 PagesConnecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court as a Dystopian Work      Ã‚   For years, Mark Twains A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court has been primarily viewed as a work of simple satire. Twain, desiring to poke fun at a group of Americas cultural critics, chief among them Matthew Arnold, who claimed that cultural life in the U.S. treaded on shallow soil, takes aim at the venerated institutions of Britain. The author attempts to show that his countrys lack of romanticized socialRead MoreKnowledge and Technology in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court1296 Words   |  6 Pages Knowledge and Technology in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court is a complicated novel that fundamentally deals with the concept of the human experience. Hank Morgan is a nineteenth century mechanic who is transported back thirteen centuries to medieval Britain, during the time of King Arthur. After his initial shock, he becomes determined to â€Å"civilize† Camelot by introducing modern industrial technology. At an initial look Twain seems to be favoringRead MoreControversy Over Religion s Impact On Society1266 Words   |  6 PagesDevin Arrants Ms. Sidle English III AP/DC per. 3 3 November 2015 Word Count: 1328 The Controversy of Religion in A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court Religion provides answers, evokes a sense of comfort in the unknown, and designs a moral code; however controversy now surrounds this subject regarding whether religion’s impact is more detrimental or beneficial to a society as a whole. Mark Twain’s narrator, Hank Morgan, travels back in time and attempts to accelerate the advancement of theseRead MoreAnalysis Of Hank Morgan s A Connecticut Yankee 2101 Words   |  9 PagesConnecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court tells the story of a Connecticut Yankee, Hank Morgan, being sent back in time to King Arthur’s Court, in 528. During the story, Hank learns much about himself and others. From his experiences, the novel as a whole tries to convey the idea that Hank has much to learn from the medieval time period and its people, even though it might not be transparent to him. During the story, Hank believes he is superior to those in King Arthur’s Court. He feels that his YankeeRead MoreFreedom, Religio n, And The Aristocracy By Mark Twain1840 Words   |  8 PagesA Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court is a classic written by Mark Twain in 1889. It is a novel that lives on today as it shows Twain’s use of creativity and humor in a way that allows him to influence his reader’s views. The scene starts with Hank, who wakes up to find himself in the 16th century where he convinces the people he is a magician to escape his death sentence. Mark Twain uses Hank’s experiences and character development in a satirical way to form his opinions. The main mattersRead MoreAnalysis Of Mark Twain s A Connecticut Yankee1764 Words   |  8 PagesHow to train your human In 1889 Mark Twain’s publishes A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court, which is consider the first science fiction novel. Like most science fiction stories, there is time travel and futuristic technology messing with the past. Hank Morgan is sent into the past after getting knocked unconscious by a man named Hercules with a crowbar. After realizing that he is in the past, he uses his knowledge of an impending solar eclipse to trick the masses into making him the secondRead MoreAnalysis Of Hank Morgan The Boss 1119 Words   |  5 PagesHank Morgan, â€Å"the Boss† in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court is a smart, innovative, and productive man. From the beginning of the novel he wants change in Camelot. To the Yankee Camelot is too medieval and promotes the ways of savagery. Hank Morgan is an excellent character promoting the â€Å"American way† by taking a community and forcing his ways on the people, while also taking away aspects of their community they may not have wanted to get rid of, in the first place. The novel beginsRead More Evils of Monarchy and Society in the Works of Mark Twain Essay2338 Words   |  10 Pagesbeliefs.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Prince and the Pauper has often been written off as just another childrens book.   It is seen as Twains first experience with historical fiction, which simply led into Twains more famous work, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court.   However, Twain starts to show his disapproval of monarchies in this book.   Edward, the Prince of England, and a common beggar boy, Tom Canty, switch clothes and identities, throwing each into a social situation with which he is not familiarRead MoreA freedom greater than freedom Essay2455 Words   |  10 Pagespowerful counterparts. Intuitively, a country’s king has the freedom to act in more ways than the peasant, the rich have more options than the poor, the slave owner rules while the slave is ruled, and a government official often treads above the laws they pen for the people. However, there is a hidden assumption in this way of thought— that liberty is proportional to quality of life. From a pragmatic poin t of view, most would choose the life of the king over the life of the slave, the rich over theRead MoreEssay about The Once and Future King1411 Words   |  6 Pages The Once and Future King, or King Arthur, is a legend that is, despite its age, known by all. Everyone has heard of King Arthur and his loyal knights that make up the Round Table, but the rest of the famous legend is less known. If asked about Arthur’s parentage or birthplace, most people would not know. How many people can name off Arthur’s knights? Everyone knows Arthur’s name, but the details are less defined. Arthurian legend has many parts, the first being how Arthur came into being, then the

Hall Free Essays

The Samaritan – How serious is our condition? – A little comic relief for the suicidal Suicide Prevention: How to Help Someone who is Suicidal www. Helped. Org/mental/suicide_prevention. We will write a custom essay sample on Hall or any similar topic only for you Order Now HTML A suicidal person may not ask for help, but that doesn’t mean that help isn’t wanted. Most people who commit suicide don’t want to die†they Just want to stop National Suicide Prevention Lifeline www. suicidepreventionlifeline. Org/ Helps individuals in suicidal crisis within the United States to contact the nearest available suicide prevention and mental health service provider through a SAVE I Suicide Facts www. Save. Org/facts SAVE – Suicide Awareness Voices of Education Suicide takes the lives of nearly 30,000 Americans every year. Many who attempt Over half of all suicides occur in adult men, ages 25-65. In the month prior to Suicide. Org: Suicide Prevention, Suicide Awareness www. Suicide. Org/ Suicide. Org. Suicide is NEVER the answer, getting help is the answer. If you are suicidal, have attempted suicide, or are a suicide survivor, you will find help, Suicide: Midlines www. Ml. NIH. Gob/†¦ /suicide. H†¦ Suicide is the tenth most common cause of death in the United States. People may consider suicide when they are hopeless and can’t see any other solution to Understanding Suicide www. FSP. Org/understanding†¦ American Foundation for Suicide Prevention Over 38,000 Americans took their lives in 2010, the most recent year for which we have data. Suicide accounted for 12 deaths for every 100,000 people American Foundation for Suicide Prevention www. FSP. Org/ Created to raise awareness, offer support, fund research and call for action in regard o advancing a national response to the problem of suicide. In-depth articles The Story of a Suicide The New Yorker – Feb.. 2012 The day after that, Clementine committed suicide by Jumping from the George Washington Bridge. Clementine’s death became an international news story, fusing parental anxieties about Explore: teen suicide The Golden Suicides vanity Fat – Jan 2008 (It happened to be her birthday, October 26. ) No one talked about the dark stories and wild speculation that had emerged after news of the couple’s â€Å"double suicide† hit the media. The Urge to End It – Understanding Suicide The New York Times – July 2008 â€Å"There is but one truly serious philosophical problem,† Albert Campus wrote, â€Å"and that is suicide. † How to explain why, among the only species capable of pondering its own demise, Explore: gun suicide + More in-depth articles Searches related to suicide Suicide methods how to commit suicide suicidal thoughts suicide facts suicide stories suicide quotes suicide notes suicide videos 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 Next West Side, Newark, NJ – From your Internet address – Use precise location more – Learn How to cite Hall, Papers

Brexit’s Economic Effects in Australia

Question: Discuss about theBrexits Economic Effects in Australia. Answer: Introduction Brexit is one of the greatest economic situation that have had diverse impacts on many world economies (Belam, 2016). The relationship between Britain and Europe has been fraught since 1973 when it joined the EU. On being a member of the EU, many positive benefits has been received by the participating economies in terms of trade and investments. These positive benefits have been the major focus of the camp. On the other hand, the losses perceived to happen has been concentrate by pro-Brexiters. Some of these losses include; the sovereignty loss, lack of immigration controls and undue regulations (Smales, 2016 and Farr, 2016)). The extreme volatility of Brexit is projected take place in the short run (Keany, 2016). The global economy has become so fragile with weak economic growth and massive debts despite the fact that the interest rate has been at lower levels. The Australian markets are most likely to be impacted by the turmoil on offshore markets owing to their close links. The increasing uncertainty is making the investors develop a risk-off mentality which has influenced the sharp decline in both the Australian dollar and the Australian stock market. The bond yields are also projected to fall since investors are expected to flight for quality as the uncertainty rise. Macroeconomic Impacts Impacts on the Financial Market The recent Brexit is predicted to cause turmoil in the global financial markets and the UK. It is said to be possible that Brexit will facilitate anther global financial crisis. Smales noted that it is in the foreign exchange market that the effects will be most keenly felt. During this year, there has been a 6.6 % depreciation in the trade-weighted-index. Currently, this trade-weighted-index is moving depending on the changes in the Brexit polling. The Sterling devaluation according to George Soros would depreciate by at least 15 % (Sjolin, 2016); this in reference with the Black Wednesday Crisis which happened on the Bank of England in 1992 (Smales, 2016). The offshore funding required by Australian would become difficult to be accessed by the big Australian Banks if there will be a seize up in the financial markets similar to the one experienced in 2008 (Farr, 2016). There will be a sharp fall in the share prices and hence there will be a call for a government guarantee. This uncertainty is keeping away the fainthearted from investing in the financial markets. Impacts on Monetary and Fiscal Policy Considerations The US Federal citing was that the interest rate was left unchanged in June owing to the Brexit uncertainty. The desire in structural change promotion is less with Australia which makes the fiscal position not supportive in stimulating economic growth. Brexit will have an impact on the interest rate if the United States Federal Reserve will be more reluctant to raise its interest rate owing to the market volatility (Yeates, 2016). If the hikes by the Fed is delayed, the RBA will experience a higher value of the Australian dollar which is contrary to its wish. Due to this reason, the RBAs odd of cutting the interest rate further would be increased. This would have been meant to stimulate growth and in lowering its dollar value. Impacts on Trade The EU and the UK are great trade partners. The UKs trade with the EU is around 50 %. If the Brexit occurred, there would be a great loss in the market share of the UKs trade. This has caused tension on the side of the investors. It is uncertain that the UK and the EU would maintain the benefits received from a free trade zone in the situation where the UK will be no longer a member of the EU; the reference to this is the Norway and Switzerland situation where these two countries agreed to leave their terms of trade unchanged after the indifferences between them. The confidence of investors is reduced with the rising polling of the Brexit. The UK is the 7th largest Australian partner, and therefore the impacts are projected to impact Australia severely in the long term. Currently, the GDP of Australia is dependent on the increased exports level. This level would be reduced in the presence of a Brexit causing Australia to lose a market for its exports. Brendan Rynne, the Australia KPMG chief economist, gave a warning that trade negotiations with the UK wont be easier with the Brexit (Greber, 2016). Impacts on Unemployment The delay of investment means that the economic growth in the Australian economy will fall. This explains the current rise in the unemployment rate. Since firms production level will be reduced, it is expected that the number of labourers required for the same will be greatly reduced. The suggestion of the Bank of England is that inflation will be stoked by the Brexit and the unemployment rate will rise. Impacts on Inflation The general price of goods and services in Australia may rise as the Brexit poll changes. Australia has been experiencing low inflation rates which have put it at a risk of falling into a recession. The cutting of the interest rate has not been effective in stimulating the inflation rate. Microeconomic Impacts Impact on the Peoples Spending The spending by consumers and businesses is determined by their future expectations. An increase in the Brexit polling is discouraging both consumers and businesses (Keany, 2016). For example, NewsComAu (2016) noted that though the Britain consumers will experience low prices of goods, the Australian consumers spending will be affected by increased prices of goods and services. E.g. an extra visa for Australians. Impacts on the Price of Goods It is expected that the Brexit would have indirect inflationary effects. Since it is expected that the economic growth will fall owing to the Brexit, the production level is also expected to fall. This will result in a reduction in supply. When supply is low, the producers always wish to raise their price for supplying the goods or services. The price of goods is therefore expected to go up in the long run. Impacts on the Supply and Demand of Goods The impacts on the financial markets according to Yeates (2016) would result in consumers curbing their spending which would lower the quantity of goods and services demanded. There will be increased cautious on the side of businesses in investing. This may low production which consequently will lower the supply in the economy. Impacts on a Firms Production There is deferment of business decisions, and firms are making decisions to take their businesses elsewhere. Most firms aim is to maximize their wealth, and they, therefore, dont like taking huge chances of loss. The production level in the Australian economy has fallen and is projected to continue falling as an impact of the Brexit. Conclusion Whereas the short-term effects of Brexit can easily be determined, it is difficult to project that of the long term, it is surrounded with lots of uncertainties. The Britain exit is not an easy thing, and some conditions of exit has to be set and this may take a long time. The impacts will be felt differently depending on the links with the UK. References Belam, M. (2016). One month on, what has been the impact of the Brexit vote so far? [Online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/jul/22/one-month-on-what-is-the-impact-of-the-brexit-vote-so-far [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. Farr, M. (2016). How Brexit decision will affect Australia. [Online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/brexit-how-the-result-will-affect-australia/news-story/e2826b95d588a92e6ab6aa644118d0b6 [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Greber, J. (2016). Brexit impact will be felt in Australian trade, say analysts. [Online] Financial Review. Available at: https://www.afr.com/news/economy/brexit-impact-will-be-felt-in-australian-trade-say-analysts-20160627-gpsux9 [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Keany, F. (2016). Brexit to have 'very limited' short-term impact in Australia: report. [Online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-07-21/report-says-brexit-impact-to-be-'very-limited'-in-short-term/7649496 [Accessed 22 Sep. 2016]. Newscom Au. (2016). What Brexit means for consumers. [Online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/economy/australian-economy/what-brexit-means-for-consumers/news-story/dea1d3dffd2bb969f40938778e330b1a [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Sjolin, S. (2016). The Brexit effect: First hard U.K. data trickle in. [online] MarketWatch. Available at: https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-brexit-effect-get-ready-for-the-first-hard-data-on-the-uk-economy-2016-08-15 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Smales, L. (2016). How a Brexit could impact on Australia. [Online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/how-a-brexit-could-impact-on-australia-61301 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Yeates, C. (2016). Brexit: What it means for the economy. [Online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/the-economy/brexit-what-it-means-for-the-economy-20160624-gpr4cw.html [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016].